Modernization, collectivism, and gender equality predict love experiences in 45 countries

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Date
2023
Author
Sorokowski, Piotr || Kowal, Marta || Sternberg, Robert J. || Aavik, Toivo || Akello, Grace || Alhabahba, Mohammad Madallh || Alm, Charlotte || Amjad, Naumana || Anjum, Afifa || Asao, Kelly || Atama, Chiemezie S. || Duyar, Derya Atamturk || Ayebare, Richard || Conroy-Beam, Daniel || Bendixen, Mons || Bensafia, Aicha || Bizumic, Boris || Boussena, Mahmoud || Buss, David M. || Butovskaya, Marina || Can, Seda || Carrier, Antonin || Cetinkaya, Hakan || Croy, Ilona || Cueto, Rosa Maria || Czub, Marcin || Dronova, Daria || Dural, Seda || Duyar, Izzet || Ertugrul, Berna || Espinosa, Agustin || Estevan, Ignacio || Esteves, Carla Sofia || Frackowiak, Tomasz || Garduno, Jorge Contreras || Gonzalez, Karina Ugalde || Guemaz, Farida || Halamova, Maria || Herak, Iskra || Horvat, Marina || Hromatko, Ivana || Hui, Chin-Ming || Jaafar, Jas Laile || Jiang, Feng || Kafetsios, Konstantinos || Kavcic, Tina || Kennair, Leif Edward Ottesen || Kervyn, Nicolas || Ha, Truong Thi Khanh || Khilji, Imran Ahmed || Kobis, Nils C. || Kostic, Aleksandra || Lan, Hoang Moc || Lang, Andras || Lennard, Georgina R. || Leon, Ernesto || Lindholm, Torun || Linh, Trinh Thi || Lopez, Giulia || Van Luot, Nguyen || Mailhos, Alvaro || Manesi, Zoi || Martinez, Rocio || McKerchar, Sarah L. || Mesko, Norbert || Pejicic, Marija || Misra, Girishwar || Monaghan, Conal || Mora, Emanuel C. || Moya-Garofano, Alba || Musil, Bojan || Natividade, Jean Carlos || Nizharadze, George || Oberzaucher, Elisabeth || Oleszkiewicz, Anna || Omar-Fauzee, Mohd Sofian || Onyishi, Ike E. || Ozener, Baris || Pagani, Ariela Francesca || Pakalniskiene, Vilmante || Parise, Miriam || Pazhoohi, Farid || Pisanski, Annette || Pisanski, Katarzyna || Ponciano, Edna || Popa, Camelia || Prokop, Pavol || Rizwan, Muhammad || Sainz, Mario || Salkicevic, Svjetlana || Sargautyte, Ruta || Sarmany-Schuller, Ivan || Schmehl, Susanne || Shahid, Anam || Sharad, Shivantika || Siddiqui, Razi Sultan || Simonetti, Franco || Tadinac, Meri || Vauclair, Christin-Melanie || Vega, Luis Diego || Walter, Kathryn V. || Widarini, Dwi Ajeng || Yoo, Gyesook || Zatkova, Marta || Zupancic, Maja || Sorokowska, Agnieszka
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Abstract
Recent cross-cultural and neuro-hormonal investigations have suggested that love is a near universal phenomenon that has a biological background. Therefore, the remaining important question is not whether love exists worldwide but which cultural, social, or environmental factors influence experiences and expressions of love. In the present study, we explored whether countries' modernization indexes are related to love experiences measured by three subscales (passion, intimacy, commitment) of the Triangular Love Scale. Analyzing data from 9474 individuals from 45 countries, we tested for relationships with country-level predictors, namely, modernization proxies (i.e., Human Development Index, World Modernization Index, Gender Inequality Index), collectivism, and average annual temperatures. We found that mean levels of love (especially intimacy) were higher in countries with higher modernization proxies, collectivism, and average annual temperatures. In conclusion, our results grant some support to the hypothesis that modernization processes might influence love experiences.
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https://dspace.yasar.edu.tr/handle/20.500.12742/19786
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